Author Burritt Elihu

im the title "Learned Blacksmith." During his time in Birmingham he lived in a modest house in the then still rural village of Harborne to the west of the town. The house which he named New Britain Villas still stands. He was actively involved the local community, taking part in the committee for the rebuilding of the nearby St. Peter's Church. He recorded his thoughts on the industrialization of communities in the nearby Black Country in his book, Walks in the Black Country. During a trip abroad in 1846–47, he was deeply touched by the suffering of the Irish peasantry. In 1848, he organized a precursive entity to the League of Nations and the United Nations called the first international congress of the Friends of Peace, which convened in Brussels in September, 1848. A second "Peace Congress" met in Paris in 1849 presided over by Victor Hugo. Burritt attended the "Peace Congresses" at Frankfort on the-Main in 1850, London in 1851, Manchester in 1852, and Edinburgh in 1853. The outbreak of the Crimean War in Europe and the American Civil War in the United States jolted his senses. He realized that his conceptions of universal brotherhood and international arbitration were not making an impression on the leaders of nations. Burritt advocated that Britain, (mother of Uniform Penny Post in 1840), should introduce an Ocean Penny Post. He urged the use of illustrated propaganda envelopes. Their objective was to reduce international mail rates from origin to destination to 3d instead of one shilling. Namely to 1/4 of what the maritime postal rates were, with the sea element reduced to 1d. He argued this would increase international correspondence, trade, and hence universal brotherhood. Postal rates were gradually reduced, but his objective was not entirely achieved in his lifetime.