A Hierarchical Approach to Information System Design
A Hierarchical Approach to Information System Design
John J Donovan
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C, ^ ; (f. = ], ... C. } R. = {ordered pairs with first member from R. , and second member from R. } ^ Example: R5 = R4 x R4 ; results in: R5 = ((SMITH, ((SMITH, ((mCAVOY, ((MACAVOY, 232-1500), (SMITH 232-1 500), (MACAVOY, 356-5175), (SMITH 356-5175), (MACAVOY, 232-1500)) 356-5175)) 232-1500)) 356-5175)) ■22- 4. 3. 1 Set Operators as Applied to Relations Union: Suppose you would like to create a new relation that consisted of all the elements of two other relations without redundant entries. Th...e union of two relations would perform this task. Using the symbol U we may formally define union as R c R. U R. ; (j = k is valid), ~ ^j ^k ~ (R. NR. ) i. E. , duplicates deleted automatically J K = max{n. , u^) = {t. : t. E R. OR t. E R > 1 I J I A Example: R = R1 U R2; results in R5 (SMITH, 213-07-1666, , 232-1500, 15) : (MACAVOY, 621-49-2990, 356-5175, 15) (JACOBY, 413-00-0029, 484-7352, 6) (SMITH, 839-41-6942, 253-0410, 6) (MADNICK, 217-61-7232, 253-6671, 15) ^R5 ' ^' "R5 Intersection: Suppose you wish to create a new relation whose elements consisted of only the cotrmon elelemnts of two other relations.
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