A Scheme for the Detection of the More Common Classes of Carbon Compounds

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Heat I gram solid KOH with 0-5 c. C. H 2 O in a crucible till melted, then add about O'$ gram of acid ; carefully heat till effer- vescence ceases and mass nearly solidifies (do not char). Boil fused mass with 20 c. C. Water, and filter. The filtrate contains the K salts of the acids formed during the fusion. These may be tested for Acrylic acid, b. P. 139. CH 2 = CH. COOH + 2 KOH = HCO 2 K + CH 3 C0 2 K + H 2 . Crotonic acid, m. P. 72. CH 3 . CH = CH. CO 2 H + 2KOH = CH 3 C0 2 K + CH 3 C0 2 K ...+ H 2 .
Angelic acid, m. P. 45. ^'^^C. CO. H + 2KOH = CH 3 . CO 2 H + CH 3 . CH 2 CO 2 K + H 2 . Oleic acid, m. P. 14. Yields palmitic and acetic acids. Cinnamic acid, m. P. 133. C 6 H 5 CH = CH. CO 2 H + 2KOH - C 6 H 5 C0 2 K + CH 3 C0 2 K + H 2 .
o-Coumaric acid, m. P. 208 (with decomp. ). Yields C 6 H 4 *y and CH 3 CO 2 H. Alk. Salt solns. Yellow with green fluorescence.
C. HYDROXY ACIDS.
(a) To a neutral solution add 2 or 3 drops of 10 / FeCl 3 soln.
(a) Hydroxy acids produce a yellow coloration ; a-hydroxy acids a strong yellow colour.


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