Elements of Chemistry: Descriptive And Qualitative
Elements of Chemistry: Descriptive And Qualitative
James H James Henry Shepard
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Properties of the Paraffins. Beginning with me- thane, a gas, this series gradually passes into volatile liquids, heavy liquids, and finally into waxy solids at ordi- nary temperatures. It is from these solids, the paraffins, that the series obtains its name. Many useful and well- known substances belong to this series. Among the gases is methane, or fire damp, which has already been described under carbon. Ethane and propane are also gases. Butane is a liquid boiling at 1 C. Pen- tane boils at... 38 and hexane at 70 C. And so the series passes on up to the waxy solids known as " paraffin, " which is a mixture of the higher hydrocarbons of this series. Petroleum, or rock oil, has been mentioned as one of the 178 PROPERTIES OF THE PARAFFINS. natural sources of this series. From this crude oil are ob- tained the commercial products, cymogene, rhigoline, naph- tha, gasoline. , kerosene, lubricating oil, and paraffin. All of these products are mixtures of different hydrocarbons. In order to separate these substances the crude oil is subjected to distillation.
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