Elements of Chemistry Including the Most Recent Discovieries And Applications O
Elements of Chemistry Including the Most Recent Discovieries And Applications O
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all parts which require to possess peculiar tenacity, such as anchors, &c. , are always made, not in a single piece, but by thus welding to gether a bundle of small bars.
A third and equally important form in which iron exists in the arts, is that of steel. Steel is intermediate to cast iron and bar iron in constitution, containing generally about 1-5 per cent, of carbon. Steel may be formed directly from the ore or from cast iron by pro- portioning the action of the fuel and of the air in the ...furnaces so as to leave combined with the iron as much carbon as constitutes steel. But the most important and curious mode of making steel is by what is termed cementation. Bars of iron are laid in boxes, imbedded in powdered charcoal, and exposed for some hours to a full red heat ; the carbon gradually penetrates through the whole substance of the iron, changing it into a bar of steel of pretty uniform structure. The bar becomes frequently blistered from gas bubbles forming in its substance. This process can be effected even though the car- bon may not directly touch the iron, provided oxygen be present; carbonic oxide being formed, which is decomposed by the iron, half the carbon being absorbed, and carbonic acid given off.
What to read after Elements of Chemistry Including the Most Recent Discovieries And Applications O?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Robert Kane to read onlineMoreLess
To quickly assess the difficulty of the text, read a short excerpt:
all parts which require to possess peculiar tenacity, such as anchors, &c. , are always made, not in a single piece, but by thus welding to gether a bundle of small bars.
A third and equally important form in which iron exists in the arts, is that of steel. Steel is intermediate to cast iron and bar iron in constitution, containing generally about 1-5 per cent, of carbon. Steel may be formed directly from the ore or from cast iron by pro- portioning the action of the fuel and of the air in the ...furnaces so as to leave combined with the iron as much carbon as constitutes steel. But the most important and curious mode of making steel is by what is termed cementation. Bars of iron are laid in boxes, imbedded in powdered charcoal, and exposed for some hours to a full red heat ; the carbon gradually penetrates through the whole substance of the iron, changing it into a bar of steel of pretty uniform structure. The bar becomes frequently blistered from gas bubbles forming in its substance. This process can be effected even though the car- bon may not directly touch the iron, provided oxygen be present; carbonic oxide being formed, which is decomposed by the iron, half the carbon being absorbed, and carbonic acid given off.
What to read after Elements of Chemistry Including the Most Recent Discovieries And Applications O?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Robert Kane to read onlineMoreLess
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