Foundations And Foundation Walls for All Classes of Buildings Pile Drivings B
Foundations And Foundation Walls for All Classes of Buildings Pile Drivings B
George T Powell
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In mixing concrete, if the ballast is porous and dry, more water will be required than if damp or non-absorbent. Sand, Grayel, and other Materials for Mixing with Portland Cement. Experience has shown that porous materials, by allow- ing the cement to enter the pores, and so retain a firm hold on them, are the best for mixing with cement: thus, well-burnt broken bricks, clay ballast, furnace slag or breeze, will form a stronger concrete than if made with the harder but smoother and less porous ...stones in gravel or shingle ; but it must be borne in mind that in such cases a slightly larger proportion of cement is advisable to compensate for what is absorbed by the pores of the material. No importance need be attached to the shape of the particles of sand or other materials used such as whether angular or water-worn though a certain roughness of surface gives a better hold to the cement than if too smooth. The presence of dirt, such as loam, clay and vegetable matter liable to decay, has a prejudicial effect upon cement, and sensi- bly weakens either mortar or concrete.
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