From Imitation to Innovation the Very Large Scale Integrated Vlsi Semiconduc
From Imitation to Innovation the Very Large Scale Integrated Vlsi Semiconduc
Kiyonori Sakakibara
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Many national projects have been modeled after the organizational principle adopted in the VLSI Technology Research Association. Aside from its technological impact, which was substantial, the key practical implication of the Association was on its social impact to the development process - 26 - of Japanese technology. Also, the case of the VLSI Technology Research Association has some general and theoretical implications to R & D management. It shows many determinants for success of technologi...cal innovation, including extrinsic variables which project managers themselves cannot manipulate as well as intrinsic or managerial variables which they can manipulate. We found that the following extrinsic variables were significant in the Japanese semiconductor project: monetary resource; external pressure from IBM as the five companies' archrival; accumulation of administrative know-how of joint R & D; timing from a technological point of view; and cooperative laboratory itself as a "place" for organized activities.
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