General Specifications for Foundations And Substructures of Highway And Electric
General Specifications for Foundations And Substructures of Highway And Electric
Theodore Cooper
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In other cases it may be sufficiently satisfactory to protect the banks by rip-rap, paving or piles sheathed with plank. 64. As the tendency of the material behind an abutment is to push it outward or to overthrow it on its footing, which would be greatly increased by any scour along or under the footing, the foundation should go well below any possible scour and be of a width sufficient to render it stable against such a tendency. 65. Generally abutments should be of stone or concrete masonry.... The thickness of the masonry at any depth below the grade of the roadway should be four-tenths of such depth, down to the footing courses. 66. The footing courses, at least 2 feet thick, either of concrete or good large selected stone should project in front two-thirds of their thickness. 67. The thickness on top should be sufficient for the bridge seats and a back wall to sustain the roadway em- bankment. The coping should project at least 3 inches, but not more than one-third of its thickness.
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