Handbook of Field And General Ornithology; a Manual of the Structure And Classification of Birds
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In our eReader you can find the full English version of the book. Read Handbook of Field And General Ornithology; a Manual of the Structure And Classification of Birds Online - link to read the book on full screen. Our eReader also allows you to upload and read Pdf, Txt, ePub and fb2 books. In the Mini eReder on the page below you can quickly view all pages of the book - Read Book Handbook of Field And General Ornithology; a Manual of the Structure And Classification of Birds
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It is carried to an extreme in a loon, where, when the foot is closed, the digit marked It in the figure lies below and behind Zt. It is probably least marked in birds of prey, which give the clutch with their talons spread. The jointings of the individual phalanges of the toes upon one another are simple hinges, permitting motion of extension to a right line or a little beyond in some cases, with very free flexion in the opposite direction. On the whole, the mechanics of a bird's foot are less... peculiar than those of the wing, and quite like those of the limbs of a quadruped.
In ordinary hopping, walking, and running, and in perching as well, only the toes rest upon or grasp the support, from B to be- yond, being more or less vertically over Z>. Such resting of the toes is complete for %, Zt, M in the figure, or for all the anterior toes ; but for the hind toe it varies according to the length and position of that digit, from complete incumbency, like that of the front toes, to mere touching of the tip of that toe, or not even this : the hind toe is then sure to be functionless.
What to read after Handbook of Field And General Ornithology; a Manual of the Structure And Classification of Birds?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Coues, Elliott, 1842-1899 to read onlineMoreLess
To quickly assess the difficulty of the text, read a short excerpt:
It is carried to an extreme in a loon, where, when the foot is closed, the digit marked It in the figure lies below and behind Zt. It is probably least marked in birds of prey, which give the clutch with their talons spread. The jointings of the individual phalanges of the toes upon one another are simple hinges, permitting motion of extension to a right line or a little beyond in some cases, with very free flexion in the opposite direction. On the whole, the mechanics of a bird's foot are less... peculiar than those of the wing, and quite like those of the limbs of a quadruped.
In ordinary hopping, walking, and running, and in perching as well, only the toes rest upon or grasp the support, from B to be- yond, being more or less vertically over Z>. Such resting of the toes is complete for %, Zt, M in the figure, or for all the anterior toes ; but for the hind toe it varies according to the length and position of that digit, from complete incumbency, like that of the front toes, to mere touching of the tip of that toe, or not even this : the hind toe is then sure to be functionless.
What to read after Handbook of Field And General Ornithology; a Manual of the Structure And Classification of Birds?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Coues, Elliott, 1842-1899 to read onlineMoreLess
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