International Congress of Arts And Science volume 10
International Congress of Arts And Science volume 10
International Congress of Arts And Science 1904
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S. Jennings, Studies on Reactions to Stimuli in Unicellular Organisms, ix, Amer. Jour, of Physiol. , vol. Vin, p. 57, 1902. LIMITS OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY 725 in which there is a dislocation in time between the action of an outer agent and the reaction of the machine. " This time- adjustment is, in fact, merely a subordinate form of that general ability to vary the response to a fixed environment, which consti- tutes a non-mechanical, and thus an admittedly conscious activity. At last, the wa...y has been cleared for the definite question, what animals have been proved to react adaptively, that is, to learn? To begin with the unicellular animals: Verworn 1 and Jennings 2 have shown that most of them make a fixed and utterly unvaried response to a given environment. Many of them even react in but one way to all surroundings, giving the same response to every stimu- lus, however localized. The Paramecium, for example, as described by Jennings, "responds to any stimulus by swimming forward.
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