International Journal of Comparative Psychology volume V3no3
International Journal of Comparative Psychology volume V3no3
W D William Drake Westervelt
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For clarity in the account that follows, the original name, new object reaction, is used. New object reaction occurs only in a familiar region. For exam- ple, in experiments by Cowan (1976), avoidance by R. Rattus was ob- served only when a new object was placed in an environment previ- ously visited by the rats; the presence of the same object in a newly accessible region did not interfere with exploration (see also Calhoun, 1962, on R. Norvegicus). Transferring an object from one place to an-... other, in a familiar environment, can also lead to avoidance by rats of both species (Cowan, 1976; Shorten, 1954). In contrast, removal of an object from a familiar environment has no effect on R. Norvegicus (Shorten, 1954). In the experiments just described, the method was always object presentation (or removal). An alternative is object replacement, that is, substituting a new object for a familiar one in the same place. This too has been said to cause avoidance by both R. Norvegicus and R. Rattus (Advani & Idris, 1982; Cowan, 1976; Galef, 1970; Mitchell, 1976; Shorten, 1954).
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