Maps, Their History, Characteristics And Uses; a Handbook for Teachers
The book Maps, Their History, Characteristics And Uses; a Handbook for Teachers was written by author Fordham, Herbert George, Sir, 1854-1929 Here you can read free online of Maps, Their History, Characteristics And Uses; a Handbook for Teachers book, rate and share your impressions in comments. If you don't know what to write, just answer the question: Why is Maps, Their History, Characteristics And Uses; a Handbook for Teachers a good or bad book?
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(c) Location. Ideas as to measurement of the earth's surface and the setting out of lines of latitude and longitude come down to us from very early days, but they were subject to renewed discussion in the Middle Ages in Europe — dark ages they were as regards scientific exactitude. As to the latitude, there seems to have been no difficulty, but the position to be assigned to the initial meridian of longitude gave rise .to prolonged discussion, which can hardly be said to be terminated even to-d...ay, though the fact that the International Map is based on the meridian of Greenwich Observatory seems to fix that initial point as. established without contest for the future. The cartographers of the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- turies accepted, under the influence of the Ptolemaic tradition, an initial meridian passing through the Azores, or the Canary Islands. Martin Cortes, in his book on The Arte of Navigation, published at Seville in 1556, and of THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF MAPS 43 which the English translation appeared in London five years later, lays down the rule that for a first meridian of longitude we should draw a vertical line "through the Azores, or nearer Spain, where the chart is less occupied." Then we find the celebrated navigator John Davis stating in his black-letter pamphlet of 1594, entitled The Seamen's Secrets, that the first meridian passed through St Michael, because there was no variation at that place, the meridian passing through the magnetic pole as well as the geographical pole of the earth ; but, of course, the identity of the magnetic meridian with any particular meridian at a given time was an entirely unsound basis for fixing the first meridian of longitude, as the variation of the north by the compass from the true north at any point on the earth's surface is not constant.
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