Notes in Mechanical Engineering Compiled Principally for the Use of Students At
Notes in Mechanical Engineering Compiled Principally for the Use of Students At
Adams, Henry, 1838-1918
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PAET VI. HYDRAULIC MACHINERY. 197. SUMMARY OF HYDRAULICS. THE quantities discharged from different apertures of simi- lar character vary directly as the areas, and as *J altitudes. On account of friction, a small orifice discharges propor- tionally less water ; and of several orifices having the same area, that with the smallest perimeter discharges most : hence a circular orifice is the most advantageous. NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. 83 Water issuing from a circular aperture is contracted ...at [Bossut -666) distance of J diameter from orifice, from 1 to! Venturi 631 > (Eytelwein-64 J in area, called " vena contracta. " Vein contracts more with greater head, therefore discharge slightly diminished below theoretical discharge due to altitude. The discharge through a tube of diameter = length is the same as through simple orifice of equal diameter. The dis- charge increases up to a length of 4 diameters. The discharges through horizontal conduit pipes are directly as the altitudes and inversely as *J length.
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