Petrol And Petroleum Spirits a Description of Their Sources Preparation Exami
Petrol And Petroleum Spirits a Description of Their Sources Preparation Exami
Wilfred Emil Guttentag
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Ammonia water. 5. Spent shale. The gas is burned as fuel under the stills, effecting an economy of fuel. Naphtha is collected from the condensation of the gases liberated during retorting. The crude oil is refined and distilled rendering a further quota of naphtha. The ammonia water is treated with sulphuric acid from the acid sludges, which remain after refining the oils, to produce sul- phate of ammonia. The percentage of mineral matter in oil shale is usually between 73-80 % and the commerci...al yield in crude oil is on the average 20 gallons per ton, rarely iv] PETROL: OTHER SOURCES 49 exceeding 30 gallons per ton, the sulphate of ammonia working out at 44 Ibs per ton. The crude oil has a specific gravity of 0-860 to 0-890 and is much richer in the higher paraffins (which are extracted as paraffin waxes) than the average petroleum from oil wells. Furthermore the crude shale-oil contains a higher proportion of olefines, naphthenes and benzenes. In the retorting of the oil shales and distillation of the resultant products steam is introduced into the retorts and stills with the object of avoiding the de- composition of the paraffin hydrocarbons present.
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