Pooled Testing for Hiv Prevalence Estimation Exploiting the Dilution Effect
Pooled Testing for Hiv Prevalence Estimation Exploiting the Dilution Effect
Stefanos a Stefanos Andrea Zenios
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0 yield qualitatively similar results. We employ the parameter and the densities 7r+(t/) and 7r_(y) that are used in Wein and Zenios, and readers are referred to that paper for details; here we provide only a brief summary. Rather than estimate in a manner similar to the estimation of 7, Wein and Zenios obtain the estimate (f) = 0. 0088 as a by-product of estimating 7r_(y) from the NRLl data. The densities TT+{y) and 7r_(y) are difficult to obtain because the antibody concentration is not an ob...servable quantity. Moreover, these densities are population dependent and may vary if the epidemic is nonstationary. However, if the epidemic is progressing slowly, then these densities can safely be assumed to be constant, and hence do not have to be re-estimated every time a population survey is conducted. Using a combination of exploratory data analysis and the EM algorithm to estimate 7r_(j/) from the 4000 OD readings for HIV negative individuals in NRLl, Wein and Zenios conclude that the variabihty of OD readings for HIV negative individuals is due nearly entirely to within sample variability and contains almost no between sample variability.
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