Problems of Science

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14. SECONDARY LOGICAL RELATIONS AND AXIOMS.
Whenever several given objects are in different ways united in classes, or arranged in series, etc. , we imagine between the objects themselves, or the classes or series that have been arranged, certain logical relations which express the operations performed. For in- stance, if we, with the three objects a, b, c, construct the class: we can say that a belongs to D, or that a is in D, etc. , and the relation thus expressed signifies that D is a class
...formed by uniting a with other elements.
THE PROBLEMS OF LOGIC. 125 So also between the classes A=(bcd) R=(acd), we conceive of a relation which is expressed by saying that the classes A and B have a common element.
Speaking in general terms we may say: The logical operations when performed find their actual expression in certain relations which we conceive as existing between the objects given and those constructed.
When we consider the totality of the elements, and of the classes, series etc. Which are made up of them, the logical relations always appear to have the same character of invariability which we have already noticed in the objects of thought.


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