Studies in Roman Law : With Comparative Views of the Laws of France, England, And Scotland
Studies in Roman Law : With Comparative Views of the Laws of France, England, And Scotland
Thomas Mackenzie
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The Emperor Leo the Philosopher, A.D. 886, ap- pears to have been the first who declared ecclesiastical benedic- tion necessary to marriage ; but his constitution was in force only in the Eastern empire. Among the early barbarian codes C. 5. 16. Mackeldey, 1 C. 5. 14. 1 1. 2. 7. 3. C. 5. 3, 1 D. 24. 1. §566. chap, v.] FRENCH LAW OF MARRIAGE. 95 no mention is made of this ceremony ; and in the history of Gregory of Tours marriage is treated as a civil contract. In most countries the marriage cer...emony is now performed in presence of a clergyman, and accompanied with the nuptial benediction, or other religious observances. The religious forms, however, are not essential to the validity of marriage, any further than may have been rendered necessary by the positive institutions of any particular state ; for it belongs to the secular power alone to determine what forms, if any, shall be required in addition to the consent of the parties, in order to constitute a valid marriage. Blackstone observes, "The intervention of a priest to solemnise this contract is merely juris positivi, and not juris nabwralis ant divini." 1 Before the decree of the Council of Trent, in November 1563, Decree of which declared that after that date all marriages not con- T^'iftft tracted in presence of a priest and two or three witnesses, should be void, private marriages without the intervention of the clergy were recognised throughout Christendom.
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