The book Synthetic Organic Chemicals 1977 was written by author United States International Trade Commission Here you can read free online of Synthetic Organic Chemicals 1977 book, rate and share your impressions in comments. If you don't know what to write, just answer the question: Why is Synthetic Organic Chemicals 1977 a good or bad book?
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(In 1977, a typical price for alum was 6.5 cents per pound.) However, the large amount of coagulants used produced a correspondingly large amount of sludge. Consequently, the total cost of using inorganic flocculants, although initially inexpensive, is becoming increasingly costly because of the problem of sludge disposal. Ocean dumping of sludge, once common, is generally prohibited by environmental regulations. Similar regulations have greatly increased the cost of sludge disposal in landfill...s, as precautions must be taken to avoid any seepage of material into groundwater supplies. Organic flocculants, on the other hand, produce far less sludge because the mechanism by which they operate reduces the amount of colloidal particles more efficiently than inorganic flocculants. (This mechanism is described below.) Thus the cost of using organic flocculants is greatly reduced because significantly smaller amounts are required (from 1/3 to 1/25 as much as inorganic flocculants, depending on the constituents of the wastewater) and much less sludge is generated.
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