The Cause of Earthquakes Mountain Formation And Kindred Phenomena Connected Wit
The Cause of Earthquakes Mountain Formation And Kindred Phenomena Connected Wit
T J J Thomas Jefferson Jackson See
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17, May, 1906, will be found a careful investigation by Tarr I9o6 . ] SEE THE CAUSE OF EARTHQUAKES. 329 21. Avicenna's views on mountain formation. Lyell . Justly remarks that it is surprising to find among the extant fragments of Avicenna, Arabian physician and astronomer of the tenth century, a treatise on the " Formation and Classification of Minerals, " characterized by considerable merit, the second chap- ter of which is " On the Cause of Mountains. " Mountains, accord- ing to Avicenna, ar...e formed, some by essential, others by accidental causes. And in illustration of the essential causes, he cites " a violent earthquake, by which land is elevated, and becomes a moun- tain. " In regard to the accidental causes he mentions excavation by water or erosion, which produces cavities, such that adjoining land is made to stand out and form eminences. The theory of mountain formation adopted in this paper was therefore foreshadowed by Avicenna in the tenth century of our era. It is extremely remarkable that so simple an explanation should have been allowed to slumber for so many centuries, while artificial and highly unsatisfactory hypotheses were in use.
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