The Deification of Abstract Ideas in Roman Literature And Inscriptions
The Deification of Abstract Ideas in Roman Literature And Inscriptions
Harold Lucius Axtell
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If they had conceived of the Genius alone, there would have been no occasion for using the ambiguous formula, where both a male and a female deity were included. The phrase sive deo sive deae is regularly used with wider reference than to the special Genius (cf. Aul. Cell. Ii. 28; Macr. Iii. 9. 7; Arnob. Iii. 8, and other citations in Wissowa R. -K. , p. 33, n. 2), and its use in the acts of the Arvals is simply another example. It is quite true, as Henzen (ibid. ) says, that the sive deus sive... dea, etc. , is practically equivalent in function to a spirit protecting a place (p. 146, "Idem FERE est qui Genius luci vel loci"), but that it is not exactly the same is proved by the addition of the 42 DEIFICATION OF ABSTRACT IDEAS IN ROMAN LITERATURE feminine dea. The phrases deo tutelae Genio and Genio tutelae (II. 3377, 4092, 2991) show nothing more than that the Genius was a deity of protection. But so also was Fortuna, who is so often coupled with Tutela (VI. 177, 179, 216) and is called dea Fortuna tutatrix huius loci in one case (XII.
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