The Figure of the Earth. An Introduction to Geodesy
The Figure of the Earth. An Introduction to Geodesy
Mansfield Merriman
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97. 68 THE FIGUBE OF THE EABTH. of ten meridian arcs — one in Lapland, one each in Bus- sia, Prussia, Denmark, Hanover, England, and France, two in India, and lastly, the one in Peru. The sum of the amplitudes of these arcs is about SO-S"", and they include 38 latitude stations. In the manner briefly de- scribed above, there were written 38 observation equa- tions, from which 12 normal equations containing 12 unknown quantities were deduced. The solution of these gave the elements of the meridi...an ellipse, and also the relative errors in the latitudes due to the de- flections of the plumb lines. The greatest of these errors was 6. "45, and the mean value 2. "64 The sphe- roid resulting from this investigation is often called the Bessel spheroid, and the elements of the generating ellipse, Bessel's elements ; the values of these will be given below. 31. In 1866 Clarke, of the British Ordnance Survey, published a valuable discussion, which included a mi- nute comparison of all the standards of measure that had been used in the various countries.* The data were derived from six arcs, situated in Eussia, Great Britain, Prance, India, Peru, and South Africa, including 40 lat- itude stations, and in total embracing an amplitude of over 76°.
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