The Foundations of Zoölogy

Cover The Foundations of Zoölogy
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In 1849 Darwin said of Lamarck, "his absurd though clever work has done the subject harm " ; and I have quoted (p. 82) ex- tracts from works written about the time the "Origin " was published, by naturalists who saw clearly that nurture can have no practical share in the origin of species unless it has a determinate influence in beneficial lines ; nor are matters helped at all by attributing this determinate beneficial influence to a necessary law of universal prog- ress ; for natural laws are
...not rulers or governors over nature, but generalizations from an experience which seems to teach, among other things, that progress is neither necessary nor universal.
" If all organic beings thus tend to rise in the scale, how is it that throughout the world a multitude of the lowest forms still exist ; and how is it that in each great class some forms are far more highly developed than others } Why have not the more highly devel- oped forms everywhere supplanted and exterminated the lower.' Lamarck, who believed in an innate and inevitable tendency towards perfection in all organic beings, seems to have felt this difficulty so strongly, that he was led to suppose that new and simple forms are continually being produced by spontaneous generation.


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