The Persistent Problems of Philosophy An Introduction to Metaphysics Through Th
The Persistent Problems of Philosophy An Introduction to Metaphysics Through Th
Mary Whiton Calkins
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... " (2) The feeling of obligation differs absolutely from the 'desire' or the 'impulse. ' It is a distinct experience, a con- sciousness sui generis. The 'I ought' feeling, in other words, is not equivalent to the ' I wish ' or to the ' it would be pleasanter more expedient more advantageous. ' Kant makes use of many expressions to sharpen this distinction. He contrasts the feeling of obligation, under the name ' cate- gorical imperative, ' with the desire, as 'hypothetical impera- tive' ; 3 ...and he further distinguishes the 'moral law' from the 'subjective maxim 7 . "Obligation, " Kant says, "expresses a sort of necessity . . . Which occurs nowhere else in nature. It is impossible that anything in nature ought to be other than in fact it is. In truth, obligation if one has before one's eyes only the succession in nature has simply and solely no meaning. We can as little ask what ought to happen in nature as what attributes a circle ought to have. " 4 From the assertion of the absolute difference between the feeling of obligation and empirical desires or wishes, Kant proceeds (3) to the doctrine that the feeling of obligation can- not be adequately explained as due merely to preceding phe- nomena of the inner life or of the outer world.
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