Trade And Tariffs
Trade And Tariffs
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III. c. 13. « 14 Geo. III. c. 71.
' 21 Geo. III. c. 87 ; 22 Geo. III. c 60 ; 26 Geo. III. c. 67.
" 26 Geo. III. cc. 76, 89.
"SUPREMACY" UNDER PROTECTION 133 outcome was that, as new machines were being constantly invented, the customs officers had almost insuperable difficulty in deciding, after a time, what machines were prohibited and what were not ; and manufacturers could generally evade the law by so packing parts of different machines together as to make their object unrecognisable.
As ea...rly as 1824, it is clear, the practice of exporting prohibited machinery was very common; and, further, machines on English models were being made on the Continent in great numbers, often in factories managed by Englishmen.^ The prohibitive laws were " very easily evaded," and there were very few seizures. The traffic was so general that the French Government had laid on an import duty, first of 15 and later of 30 per cent ad valorem. But apart from this export trade it was notorious that specifications of nearly every English machine could easily be obtained by foreign makers; indeed the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts and Sciences published annually a volume of descriptions and drawings of new machines which could be copied by artisans anywhere.^ The only official effect of the inquiry of 1824-25 was to make the Treasury more ready to grant licences on the recommendation of the Board of Trade, and the customs officials more lax than ever in their inquisition ; but this was aU that was required to make exportation virtually free, albeit largely by way of smuggling.^ Meantime, foreign engineers had become more and more capable of making machinery for themselves ; and before the Committee of 1841 one witness testified that " machine-making abroad is rapidly progressing towards perfection."^ Consistently with the general futility of the prohibitive legislation, the tools and machines for making machines had all along been under no prohibition : " the law," said an official, ** has never attempted such a thing." ^ It is clear, then, that English machinery, tools, plans, artisans, and managers had been actively at work even in the latter put of the eighteenth century, and much more from 1815 onwards, in setting up on the Continent > Report dted, pp.
What to read after Trade And Tariffs?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon), 1856-1933 to read onlineMoreLess
To quickly assess the difficulty of the text, read a short excerpt:
III. c. 13. « 14 Geo. III. c. 71.
' 21 Geo. III. c. 87 ; 22 Geo. III. c 60 ; 26 Geo. III. c. 67.
" 26 Geo. III. cc. 76, 89.
"SUPREMACY" UNDER PROTECTION 133 outcome was that, as new machines were being constantly invented, the customs officers had almost insuperable difficulty in deciding, after a time, what machines were prohibited and what were not ; and manufacturers could generally evade the law by so packing parts of different machines together as to make their object unrecognisable.
As ea...rly as 1824, it is clear, the practice of exporting prohibited machinery was very common; and, further, machines on English models were being made on the Continent in great numbers, often in factories managed by Englishmen.^ The prohibitive laws were " very easily evaded," and there were very few seizures. The traffic was so general that the French Government had laid on an import duty, first of 15 and later of 30 per cent ad valorem. But apart from this export trade it was notorious that specifications of nearly every English machine could easily be obtained by foreign makers; indeed the Society for the Encouragement of the Arts and Sciences published annually a volume of descriptions and drawings of new machines which could be copied by artisans anywhere.^ The only official effect of the inquiry of 1824-25 was to make the Treasury more ready to grant licences on the recommendation of the Board of Trade, and the customs officials more lax than ever in their inquisition ; but this was aU that was required to make exportation virtually free, albeit largely by way of smuggling.^ Meantime, foreign engineers had become more and more capable of making machinery for themselves ; and before the Committee of 1841 one witness testified that " machine-making abroad is rapidly progressing towards perfection."^ Consistently with the general futility of the prohibitive legislation, the tools and machines for making machines had all along been under no prohibition : " the law," said an official, ** has never attempted such a thing." ^ It is clear, then, that English machinery, tools, plans, artisans, and managers had been actively at work even in the latter put of the eighteenth century, and much more from 1815 onwards, in setting up on the Continent > Report dted, pp.
What to read after Trade And Tariffs?
You can find similar books in the "Read Also" column, or choose other free books by Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon), 1856-1933 to read onlineMoreLess
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