Tunnel Shields And the Use of Compressed Air in Subaqueous Works
Tunnel Shields And the Use of Compressed Air in Subaqueous Works
W C William Charles Copperthwaite
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The invert was put in immediately behind the shield on the area left bare as the shield advanced ; the side walls were carried up by another gang between the lead- ing centre and the next one, while a third set of men turned the arch under the overhanging tail of the shield. This arrangement enabled the lower half of each successive centre to be fixed in advance of the upper portion, and consequently the lower ranis of the shield were made with shorter pistons than those in the upper part. The ...masonry of the arch consisted of concrete blocks, and cement mortar mixed in the proportion of 350 kg. Of cement to 1 cubic metre of sand, or say 1 to 5 by weight nearly. The average rate of progress was about 10 feet per day of twenty-four hours, and, compared with the rate of progress of the roof shield employed in the " extra muros " section ot the tunnel when the upper half only of the work was constructed at the rate of about 14 feet per day, must be regarded as very satisfactory. In the working of the shield two occurrences are of interest.
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