William James And Henri Bergson : a Study in Contrasting Theories of Life
William James And Henri Bergson : a Study in Contrasting Theories of Life
Horace Meyer Kallen
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The elan would still have diversified in the direction of intelligence and of instinct, even though the particular natural energy of which it made use were not carbonaceous, and hence no men and no bees and no ants were formed. The ca- pacity for them would, of course, still reside in it as a foreshadowing tension; it would simply not have been corrupted toward exten- sion by means of carbon. Such considerations are, however, entirely foreign to James's views of chance or con- tingency. For him... contingency is real here 174 William James and Henri Bergs on and now, and chance is genuine immediately. In this view, activity becomes co-ordinate and equivalent with causation, as freedom and chance do with novelty. Now causation, concretely taken, involves for James, as for Bergson, something dramatic, a sustaining of a felt purpose against felt obstacles, and over- coming or being overcome. The content of "sustaining" is what it is "known-as, " nothing more. It is not the rejection of : - either "final" or "efficient" causation by a i v tertium quidj but (at least in our personal activities which we most readily experience) the coalescence of both as activity.
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